Gestational Trophoblastic Disease: A Case Report
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Abstract
The gestational trophoblastic disease is caused by the highly abnormal development of placental trophoblastic tissue, consisting of benign and malignant disorders. The hydatidiform mole has the highest incidence. In its development, several factors intervene, among which age, previous molar pregnancy, and habits influence a significant percentage. The hydatidiform mole constitutes excessive trophoblastic proliferation in addition to abnormal embryonic development, being complete or partial and differentiated genetically by its diploid and triploid karyotype, respectively. The present study aimed to present the presentation of gestational trophoblastic disease and the importance of its detection, treatment, and follow-up to prevent possible complications. The diagnosis is based on a multifactorial approach that constitutes clinical features, quantitative determination of beta human chorionic gonadotropin, and abdominal or transvaginal ultrasound. It is confirmed through anatomopathological and immunohistochemical study, cytogenetic techniques, and DNA analysis, which has allowed the identification and differentiation of complete and partial molar pregnancy. Treatment is based on spiral curettage after mechanical cervical dilatation and under ultrasound guidance; in patients with good parity, hysterectomy is the best option. Surveillance and follow-up are crucial to avoid gestational trophoblastic neoplasia after a molar pregnancy.
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References
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